> Ebook Through Ordinary Eyes: The Civil War Correspondence of Rufus Robbins, Private, 7th Regiment, Massachusetts VolunteersFrom Praeger

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This extensive two-way exchange of letters between Rufus Robbins and members of his family provides a highly personalized view of the life of a Union soldier, as well as life on the home front in South Abington, Massachusetts, an important source of war materiel. Enlisting in the Seventh Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the seasoned age of 31, Rufus carefully crafts letters that are articulate, graphic, and often witty and that contribute much to our understanding of the daily course of the war. Notes from home reflect the Robbins family's ever-present worry and concern for Rufus' well-being. His brothers detail their involvement in the sewing of army boots, an activity for which South Abington held a large contract.

As a confirmed Universalist, Rufus struggled to live a life of faith in the midst of war. His letters demonstrate the depth of his character, showing both maturity and confidence. However, as the war continued, one sees his belief in the righteousness of the Union cause, his confidence in God, and his sometimes naive simplicity replaced with a more realistic form of idealism. In this collection, those interested in military affairs can learn about the economic workings of the camps, the recreational outlets for the soldiers, and the grim realities of the Peninsula Campaign, while scholars focussing on civilian life will gain a greater understanding of the impact of the war on the families and friends left behind.

• Sales Rank: #5112981 in Books
• Published on: 2000-08-30
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.21" h x .63" w x 6.14" l, 1.31 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 248 pages

Review
..."an unusual and informative set of letters and will be of interest to military and social historians alike, as well as general readers interested in the firsthand descriptions of wartime experiences."-North & South

..."a must-read. This text is extremely useful for living historians to understand the importance of letters as communication during the Civil War."-Smoke & Fire News

..."provide an insightful look into the realms of familial relations and personal feelings engendered by the conflict....illuminate the trials of warfare as seen from distinctive viewpoints."-Civil War History

?...a must-read. This text is extremely useful for living historians to understand the importance of letters as communication during the Civil War.?-Smoke & Fire News

?...provide an insightful look into the realms of familial relations and personal feelings engendered by the conflict....illuminate the trials of warfare as seen from distinctive viewpoints.?-Civil War History

?...an unusual and informative set of letters and will be of interest to military and social historians alike, as well as general readers interested in the firsthand descriptions of wartime experiences.?-North & South

.,."a must-read. This text is extremely useful for living historians to understand the importance of letters as communication during the Civil War."-Smoke & Fire News

.,."provide an insightful look into the realms of familial relations and personal feelings engendered by the conflict....illuminate the trials of warfare as seen from distinctive viewpoints."-Civil War History

.,."an unusual and informative set of letters and will be of interest to military and social historians alike, as well as general readers interested in the firsthand descriptions of wartime experiences."-North & South

"Through Ordinary Eyes is highly recommended reading. Through these letters, the reader gains not only a glimpse of one Civil War soldier's life and death but also a much fuller understanding of the support provided by his family back home as they sustained their eldest son and brother in his determination to support the Union."-Thomas R. Turner Professor of History Bridgewater State College

"Whether one studies religious life, the history of medicine and disease, the industrialization of America, or military history in its fullest sense, this manuscript provides valuable information....I see it as a uniquely valuable addition to the history of the United States, and a resource that both scholars and students will want to exploit."-Mary R. Habeck Asst. Professor Department of History Yale University

About the Author

ELLA JANE BRUEN teaches at Sacred Heart High School and Intermediate School in Kingston, Massachusetts./e She has served on the boards of F.C.P., Family Continuity Program, a social service agency and also on the Plymouth Antiquarian Society, an historical society in Plymouth.

BRIAN M. FITZGIBBONS has been a Civil War re-enactor with the Massachusetts Twelfth Regiment of Volunteers. He has visited and studied many Civil War battlefields, including Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A Personal Glimpse Into History
By Thomas E. Ott
The composure of the novel breathes life into such a dramatic event of U.S. History. 'Through Ordinary Eyes' makes not only the war itself, but the surrounding aspects of family life and personal hardships, understandable and reachable to its readers. Throughout history, war has been battlegrounds for the ordinary persons. This historical recap speaks from the life of not a highly positioned general, but only an average private. As a reader, we are allowed into the personal battle of one private while gaining an overall appreciation for the time and all that it encompasses. Wonderful depth and insight!

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Through Ordinary Eyes, But Extraordinary Views
By Bradley Latham
I have read many books dealing with the Civil War. This book is reminiscent of James MacPhearson's book Why We Fought.
The book is most revealing because not only does it provide primary sources (letters from a soldier to his family over a fifteen-month time span), but also it has response letters from his family, revealing the concerns, sacrifices and dedication of both those at the battles and those at home. It provides us with a window on military history and mid-nineteenth century society.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Wonderful insight into camp life
By ReviewerSD
This book really helped me get a better feel for camp life and life on the marching lines. I'm researching my relative's Company C experience in the same regiment as Private Rufus Robbins. The letters Rufus wrote and received gave me better insight into life for him and his fellow soldiers as well as his family back at home in Massachusetts. What a wonderful relationship he had with his family and it's amazing that the family had kept safe the correspondence so that they could be pulled together in this book.

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>> Download Ebook The third millennium: A history of the world, AD 2000-3000, by Brian M Stableford

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The Third Millennium- A History Of The World; Ad 2000-3000

• Sales Rank: #1534140 in Books
• Published on: 1985
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Binding: Hardcover
• 224 pages

From Library Journal
These English scientists and science fiction writers use a past-tense narrative to confront the reader with computerized infantrymen, Jack Spratt grass chops, artificial pets, moon settlements, the volcanic destruction of Japan, and many more future "happenings." The periods of crisis, recovery, transformation, and creation of a new world perplex stimulate and provoke the reader into accepting a new concept of science fiction. The holographic nautilus shell on the cover and the creative photography accompanying the text create a different meaning of deja vu as the writers extend their trained imaginations back into the future. Recommended for public and academic libraries. Constance L. Foster, Western Kentucky Univ., Bowling Green
Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Useful for Showing How Social Evolution Can Accompany Technical Evolution
By Chuck Moore
Somewhat overtaken by events since being written in mid-1980s, but still worthwhile for its take on social changes being as important as technological changes throughout the 2000-3000 millennium.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A thousand years of history...
By Michael Valdivielso
...that should have happened within only a few hundred years. Scientific development, political trends, changing social issues and even developing philosophies happen so slowly in this book, that you wonder why the cockroachs haven't taken over by the end of the book!
Lets skip the fact that the English used in the book should be totally different by the end of the 30th century.
But the book is FULL of interesting ideas and details about the future and, if not taken too seriously, should be enjoyable.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Open your mind and enjoy this book
By Stephen J. Licata
After reading this book shortly after it came out, I can now say some 20 years later that it is actually more realistic than accurate. By this I mean that while it failed to predict the Internet, per se, it is clear from the context of the book that something like the Internet was such a part of life that it is totally ubiquitous, in the sense that, for example we seldom mention the existence of telephones (except when they start doing new things for us, like smart phones). Similarly, I would overlook a failed prediction about the downfall of the USSR and accept that the whole concept of the nation-state in this future history goes away, anyway, because it is inadequate for the future needs of humanity. Intriguing also, is the absence of any "dominant religion/philosophy" of the future (not Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Baha'i, etc.) because people do not feel a need to identify as belonging to one (exclusive) camp or another. Faith and spirituality still exist, they just aren't a source of contention warp your head around that one!).The main divisions in human consciousness seem to be along the lines of (artificially initiated) biologically diverse evolution of humans (adapted to live in space, or the sea). There is no faster-than-light travel and people adapted for and preferring to live in space, when they do make contact with people elsewhere in the galaxy, have a surprising reaction (no spoiler here!). It is similar to the notion of taking a person from the year 1000 AD and dropping him today in a typical suburb. His first question will be "Where are your city walls?".
Overall, this is a very worthwhile read as it gets to the "questions behind the questions" and does not attempt to impose a 20th century mindset on the not so distant future, where mankind is "doomed to mature".

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>> Download Lowrider Space: Aesthetics and Politics of Mexican American Custom Cars, by Ben Chappell

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Aren’t lowriders always gangbangers? And, don’t they always hold high status in their neighborhoods? Contrary to both stereotypes, the people who build and drive lowrider cars perform diverse roles while mobilizing a distinctive aesthetic that is sometimes an act of resistance and sometimes of belonging. A fresh application of critical ethnographic methods, Lowrider Space looks beyond media portrayals, high-profile show cars, and famous cruising scenes to bring readers a realistic tour of the “ordinary” lowriders who turn streetscapes into stages on which dynamic identities can be performed.

Drawing on firsthand participation in everyday practices of car clubs and cruising in Austin, Texas, Ben Chappell challenges histories of erasure, containment, and class immobility to emphasize the politics of presence evidenced in lowrider custom car style. Sketching out a partially personal map of the lowrider presence in Texas’s capital city, Chappell also explores the interior and exterior adornment of the cars (including the use of images of women’s bodies) and the intersecting production of personal and social space. As he moves through a second-hand economy to procure parts necessary for his own lowrider vehicle, on “service sector” wages, themes of materiality and physical labor intersect with questions of identity, ultimately demonstrating how spaces get made in the process of customizing one’s self.

• Sales Rank: #1438083 in Books
• Published on: 2013-04-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .88" w x 6.00" l, .83 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 256 pages

Review
"“The book is thus an example of a good, systematic analysis of spatial phenomena. The book ultimately explores the myriad ways that these cars can be experienced as spatial phenomena, and how such realities create a compelling visual culture.”" (American Studies 2014-07-25)

About the Author
Ben Chappell is Assistant Professor of American Studies at the University of Kansas.

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## Ebook Download Big Sports, Big Business: A Century of League Expansions, Mergers, and Reorganizations, by Frank P. Jozsa

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The Expos' move from Montreal to Washington, DC, and subsequent rebirth as the Nationals, was one of the sports success stories of 2005. As a result of the move, the team has enjoyed significant increases in home attendance and cash flow, broadcast revenues, and market valuation. This is but one example of the impact of sports league reorganization, a phenomenon as old as the leagues themselves. Frank Jozsa takes us on a tour, from the 1870s to the present, of the expansions and mergers, relocations and transfers that are constantly shifting the professional sports landscape. Incorporating concepts from economics, demographics, management, and marketing, he explains the successes and failures of such efforts in baseball, football, basketball, hockey, and soccer, including their effects on team competitiveness, market share, and prosperity―and their impact on the communities in which they operate. Arguing that professional sports teams are profit-maximizing businesses, Jozsa's analysis sheds light on the economics, culture, and politics of sports as big business, as decisions are made and implemented, and offers an insightful perspective on both the history and future of sports franchises.

The Expos' move from Montreal to Washington, DC, and subsequent rebirth as the Nationals, was one of the sports success stories of 2005. As a result of the move, the team has enjoyed significant increases in home attendance and cash flow, revenues from local radio and television rights, and the estimated market value of the franchise―from $50 million to over $300 million in one year. This is but one example of the impact of sports league reorganization, a phenomenon as old as the leagues themselves. Frank Jozsa takes us on a tour, from the 1870s to the present, of the expansions and mergers, relocations and transfers that are constantly shifting the professional sports landscape.

Incorporating concepts from economics, demographics, management, and marketing, he explains the successes and failures of such efforts in baseball, football, basketball, hockey, and soccer, including their effects on team competitiveness, market share, and prosperity―and their impact on the communities in which they operate. Arguing that professional sports teams are profit-maximizing businesses, Jozsa's sharp analysis sheds light on the economics, culture, and politics of sports as big business, as decisions are made and implemented. In addition to providing a unique perspective on the history and culture of sports management, he offers insightful commentary on the future prospects of sports franchises.

• Sales Rank: #2740358 in Books
• Published on: 2006-10-30
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.32" h x .98" w x 6.52" l, 1.10 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 224 pages

Review
"Jozsa details the history of professional sports transformations from the 1876 to the present, viewing it through an economic and business perspective, while looking at demographics and team performances. Focusing on relocations, expansions, and mergers, he brings together this information in one book for the first time. It describes changes, and the reasons for them, in Major League Baseball, the NBA, the NFL, National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer, as well as alternative organizations and how they competed for fans, market share, and profit. Alternative organizations included are the American Association and Federal League, American Football League, World Football League, WNBA, Atlantic Coast League and North American Soccer League. The book was written for a general sports audience." - Reference & Research Book News

About the Author

Frank P. Jozsa Jr. is Associate Professor of Economics and Business Administration at Pfeiffer University, where he has taught courses in the graduate studies program since 1991. He has written extensively on issues of sports business and economics, including articles in Athletic Business, the Carolina Journal, and the Wall Street Journal Review of Books. He is co-author of Relocating Teams and Expanding Leagues in Professional Sports (Quorum, 1999), and author of Sports Capitalism, Baseball, Inc., and American Sports Empire (Praeger, 2003).

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## Download Rediscoveries in American Sculpture: Studio Works, 1893-1939, by Janis Conner

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Covering the work of such artists as Harriet Frishmuth, Paul Manship, and Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, this excellently done reference volume provides a comprehensive treatment of important figurative sculpture. Color and b&w photographs are largely of works in public collections, including the Metr

• Sales Rank: #1509170 in Books
• Published on: 1989-10
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 13.00" h x 10.25" w x 1.00" l,
• Binding: Hardcover
• 208 pages

From Library Journal
Conner and Rosenkranz here intend to showcase the smaller studio works of 20 American sculptors, once widely known for larger pieces commissioned for world's fairs, expositions, etc., whose large public works obscured their studio pieces or whose reputations have simply diminished over time. They largely succeed in reacquainting us with these sculptors. The photography of the sculptures, some in color, is outstanding and essential for placing both the artists and their work within an American tradition of sculpture purchased for the home environment. Showing the shift in scale from conceptions of grandeur to service on a tabletop also demonstrates the creative range of these artists. Recommended for larger academic, museum, and public libraries.
-David Bryant, Belleville P.L., N.J.
Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.

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In November 1532, a group of 168 Spaniards seized the Inca emperor Atahuallpa in the town of Cajamarca, in the northern Peruvian highlands. Their act, quickly taken as a symbol of the conquest of a vast empire, brought them unprecedented rewards in gold and silver; it made them celebrities, gave them first choice of positions of honor and power in the new Peru of the Spaniards, and opened up the possibility of a splendid life at home in Spain, if they so desired. Thus they became men of consequence, at the epicenter of a swift and irrevocable transformation of the Andean region. Yet before that memorable day in Cajamarca they had been quite unexceptional, a reasonable sampling of Spaniards on expeditions all over the Indies at the time of the great conquests.

The Men of Cajamarca is perhaps the fullest treatment yet published of any group of early Spaniards in America. Part I examines general types, characteristics, and processes visible in the group as representative Spanish immigrants, central to the establishment of a Spanish presence in the New World’s richest land. The intention is to contribute to a changing image of the Spanish conqueror, a man motivated more by pragmatic self-interest than by any love of adventure, capable and versatile as often as illiterate and rough. Aiming at permanence more than new landfalls, these men created the governmental units and settlement distribution of much of Spanish America and set lasting patterns for a new society.

Part II contains the men’s individual biographies, ranging from a few lines for the most obscure to many pages of analysis for the best-documented figures. The author traces the lives of the men to their beginnings in Spain and follows their careers after the episode in Cajamarca.

• Sales Rank: #2279675 in Books
• Brand: Brand: University of Texas Press
• Published on: 2012-03-28
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.19" w x 6.00" l, 1.65 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 514 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author
James Lockhart, Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, is the author of Spanish Peru, 1532–1560 and several substantial articles on the theory and practice of Latin American social history. He previously taught at Colgate University and the University of Texas, and has served as associate editor of the Hispanic American Historical Review.

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• Sales Rank: #15713812 in Books
• Published on: 1997-04
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 7.00" h x 5.25" w x .50" l, .49 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 128 pages

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The sudden influx of significant numbers of Latinos to the rural Midwest stems from the recruitment of workers by food processing plants and small factories springing up in rural areas. Mostly they work at back-breaking jobs that local residents are not willing to take because of the low wages and few benefits. The region has become the scene of dramatic change involving major issues facing our country—the intertwining of ethnic differences, prejudice, and poverty; the social impact of a low-wage workforce resulting from corporate transformations; and public policy questions dealing with economic development, taxation, and welfare payments.

In this thorough multidisciplinary study, the authors explore both sides of this ethnic divide and provide the first volume to focus comprehensively on Latinos in the region by linking demographic and qualitative analysis to describe what brings Latinos to the area and how they are being accommodated in their new communities. The fact is that many Midwestern communities would be losing population and facing a dearth of workers if not for Latino newcomers. This finding adds another layer of social and economic complexity to the region's changing place in the global economy. The authors look at how Latinos fit into an already fractured social landscape with tensions among townspeople, farmers, and others. The authors also reveal the optimism that lies in the opposition of many Anglos to ethnic prejudice and racism.

• Sales Rank: #1161841 in Books
• Published on: 2004-11-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .75" w x 6.00" l, .94 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 308 pages

About the Author
Ann V. Millard is Associate Professor at the South Texas Center in McAllen, Texas, a site of the School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.

Jorge Chapa (1953–2015) was Professor and Director of the Latino Studies Program at Indiana University, Bloomington.

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"The Human Face of Latino Migration En Pocos Palabras"
By Kellie J. Hogue
Truth, it has been said, can set a person free. But can such truth, once brought to light, change (or in this case, reaffirm) our perception of a region or a nation? The stark reality of life for Latino immigrants in the mythological American Heartland is revealed, in all of its too often mischaracterized and unromantic glory, in Apple Pie and Enchiladas: Latino Newcomers in the Rural Midwest (2004) by Ann V. Millard and Jorge Chapa. Featuring collaborations among and between a large team of authors including Millard, Chapa, Eileen Diaz McConnell, Catalina Burillo, Rogelio Saenz, Refugio I. Rochín, Maríalena D. Jefferds,, Ken R. Crane, and Isidore Flores, this sobering text presents a historical and contemporary examination of the lives and experiences of Latinos in the region known as the Middle West. An opening photo essay allows the reader to visually locate Latinos in rural, rather than urban, spaces; openly and unabashedly suggesting the importance, relevance, and existence of Latino individuals and communities within areas believed to be one-hundred percent "white" in four Midwestern states: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Nebraska. The essays that follow are interdisciplinary snapshots of Latino life; topics include history, demographics, qualitative methodologies, prejudice, institutional discrimination, jobs in food processing, high school students, churches, policy and community studies. We have access to survey questions, an interview guide used during the study, and an essay on community studies methodologies. Millard and Chapas choice of a food metaphor, "apple pie and enchiladas," to describe what they see as "a new combination in the dynamic contemporary encounter of peoples and cultures," is apt as well as accurate. (p. 1) Latino life, we come to learn, does not begin and end at the Mexican restaurant (a frequent, yet stereotypical, point of access for "anglos" into the vibrant nuances of Latino culture). The text successfully weaves quantitative and qualitative data together in a rich fabric; texturally dense yet vibrantly illuminated with the lived experiences, and more importantly, the voices themselves, of a group that occupies a liminal space within the larger demographic that populates the Midwest. Easily the greatest strength of this text is its reliance upon Latino voice and the way it uses this voice to document and exemplify the life experiences of people like "Sofia, a Latina working in a food processing plant in Fall County, Michigan," or "Ruben, a Latino newcomer in Wheelerton, Indiana." (pp. 125, 111). By merging the voices of their informants with small offerings from their field notes, this text represents what is exceptional about ethnography from the inside; this is insiders studying insiders and the results are remarkably fabulous. Nor is the text limited in terms of age, social class or gender; women and men are equally represented, social class, networks, and relations are discussed, and emphasis is placed upon experiences of young newcomers as well as old timers. Concluding that "Anglos in the rural Midwest disapprove of the Latino newcomers to their communities," Millard and Chapa successfully put words to a sentiment all to often ignored in the homogeneity of Midwestern discourse, but their revelation that some communities (Lingonier, Indiana is the one mentioned) are devoting time and effort "to improve conditions for Latinos" provides a small measure of hope that this group, so instrumental to the success of their communities, will one day no longer experience prejudice and discrimination. (pp. 204-206). Their insistence upon, and joint desire for, "the whole enchilada," that is, "changes in immigration policy" and "actions by local governments, schools, landlords, employers, service provides, and others to accommodate Midwestern communities to Latino newcomers and vice versa," is amplified by the wealth of evidence presented mandating that change, as well as acceptance, must be considered or "the consequences will be a furthering of the racism currently shaping much of Anglo-Latino relations and the creation of a low-income stratum of Latinos in rural areas who are disenfranchised and denied a chance for the American dream." (p. 221) Regardless of the contributions of their culture, labor, and lives, there are still those who come to American in search of the dream, only to find themselves locked out. By juxtaposing the experience of Latinos against the backdrop of a region known for one-hundred percent Americanism, this is an appropriate and useful text for Ethnic Studies, Latino Studies, American Studies, Labor Studies, Anthropology, and Sociology.

Kellie Hogue

Indiana University

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Great for class discussion!
By Eve
I used this book in a course on Latinos and it sparked great discussion since the experience in the Midwest for Latinos is so different than other parts of the country. I found this text works very well with the movie "Fast Food Nation."

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Elizabeth
Excellent condition

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? Download Sadie Brower Neakok: An Inupiaq Woman, by Margaret B. Blackman

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Sadie Brower Neakok: An Inupiaq Woman, by Margaret B. Blackman

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This is the life history of the daughter of Asianggataq, an Eskimo woman, and her husband Charles Bower, the first white settler in Alaska's northernmost community of Barrow. One of ten children, Sadie Brower was raised with a mixture of Inupiat and white traditions. Sent Outside for modern schooling, she returned to Barrow to use her education on behalf o her people. Now in her seventies, she has devoted a lifetime to public service, first as a Bureau of Indian Affairs schoolteacher, than as a health aide, a foster parent, a welfare worker, and, for twenty years, as Barrow's magistrate. She became a key figure in the introduction of the American legal system to bush Alaska as well as an outspoken advocate for people, eventually winning the right for the native language to be the language of the court in cases where the defendants could not speak English. Equally important, in private life she has borne thirteen children as wife to Nate Neakok, an Inupiaq hunter and whaling captain who, she states emphatically, "never went to school, but know more than I did, a college student, a teacher."

Professor Blackman places Sadie Neakok's vivid narrative within the context of the recent history of Barrow and Alaska' North Slope, interweaving cultural and historical data from various sources with Sadie's own perspectives on herself, her people, and the outside world that has increasingly affected them. Blackman's concluding chapter offers a perceptive critical evaluation of the life history process itself. The book makes an important contribution to Alaskan cultural and legal history, to life history methodology, and to studies of women in cross-cultural perspective.

• Sales Rank: #1729639 in Books
• Published on: 1989-10
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.50" w x 1.00" l,
• Binding: Hardcover
• 326 pages

Features

• Eskimos - Alaska - Judges - Biography - Neakok family. Berlin family. Blackman Family.

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18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A grandchild's brief reaction...
By Taktuk Miller
I am one of Sadine Neakok's many grandchildren, and I adored this book greatly. It makes me wish I had talked to her more during my life. The book illustrates the Inupiaq/Inuit/Eskimo way of life, mostly by way of my great-grandmother, Sadie's mother. The only real complaints I had with the book was the fact that Blackman butts in a bit more than I thought was needed, and if she was going to do that, having the footnotes at the bottom of the page would have worked quite well. You may notice that I speak of my grandmother in the past tense.

Sadie Neakok passed away on the evening of June 13th, 2004. She lived a long, full life, and did many great things for her community, her people, and her state. The world is a better place because she was there to help.

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^^ Free Ebook Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico, by Federico Garza Carvajal

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As Spain consolidated its Empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, discourses about the perfect Spanish man or "Vir" went hand-in-hand with discourses about another kind of man, one who engaged in the "abominable crime and sin against nature"—sodomy. In both Spain and Mexico, sodomy came to rank second only to heresy as a cause for prosecution, and hundreds of sodomites were tortured, garroted, or burned alive for violating Spanish ideals of manliness. Yet in reality, as Federico Garza Carvajal argues in this groundbreaking book, the prosecution of sodomites had little to do with issues of gender and was much more a concomitant of empire building and the need to justify political and economic domination of subject peoples.

Drawing on previously unpublished records of some three hundred sodomy trials conducted in Spain and Mexico between 1561 and 1699, Garza Carvajal examines the sodomy discourses that emerged in Andalucía, seat of Spain's colonial apparatus, and in the viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico), its first and largest American colony. From these discourses, he convincingly demonstrates that the concept of sodomy (more than the actual practice) was crucial to the Iberian colonizing program. Because sodomy opposed the ideal of "Vir" and the Spanish nationhood with which it was intimately associated, the prosecution of sodomy justified Spain's domination of foreigners (many of whom were represented as sodomites) in the peninsula and of "Indios" in Mexico, a totally subject people depicted as effeminate and prone to sodomitical acts, cannibalism, and inebriation.

• Sales Rank: #2394276 in Books
• Published on: 2003-12-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .75" w x 6.00" l, .96 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 332 pages

Review
"Garza Carvajal’s fascinating and thought-provoking book effectively analyzes the connections between masculinity and the discourse surrounding sodomy in early modern Spain and colonial Mexico. . . . This book is extraordinary, and I strongly recommend it." (Peter Sigal, Associate Professor of History, California State University, Los Angeles)

Review
"Garza Carvajal’s fascinating and thought-provoking book effectively analyzes the connections between masculinity and the discourse surrounding sodomy in early modern Spain and colonial Mexico. . . . This book is extraordinary, and I strongly recommend it." (Peter Sigal, Associate Professor of History, California State University, Los Angeles)

About the Author
Federico Garza Carvajal works as a writer and translator in Bratislava, The Slovak Republic. He holds a Ph.D. in history from the University of Amsterdam.

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